The Story of the Pea Island Life Savers Essays

Community Review of Healthcare Services

Network Review of Healthcare Services Network Review Dwayne Potenteau The people group experience this term has expanded my familiarity with the social determinants that influence the number of inhabitants in the Comox valley and Campbell River. While patient’s needs in the emergency clinic are tended to and dealt with, the continuous consideration for the customer frequently stretches out past the medical clinic fringes into the network and home setting. The adjustment in the client’s condition depends on the need to oversee costs. The should be financially capable is of most extreme significance if the human services framework is to work for the quick and long haul future. One key piece to keep up monetary obligation is to move the customer from the clinic to their home. The adjustment in condition has uncovered holes in customer care with defenseless populaces. A large portion of the customers confronting wellbeing challenges experienced various social determinants, yet funds that were forced on their consideration were a typical betwe en the fluctuating network encounters. This is one of the fundamental purposes behind release from medical clinic to network. It's anything but an uneven view, as both the emergency clinic and customer do profit in the release, as customers will in general mend or be increasingly loose in their own condition. The part of my recognition and how I am being seen so as to build up my capacity to speak with others is completely vital help other people in the network. I found in my encounters that acquiring data was not as simple as posing an inquiry. I was constantly mindful of how I am being seen with the goal that I could make trust even at the shallow level. The explanation behind the enormous social segment is that without the picked up trust giving the correct roads to mind would be troublesome. Numerous customers are alluded to the network projects and accordingly without the medical caretaker identifying with the customer the consideration may not be gotten or the customer may concede from treatment. In knowing the customer, medical attendants would setup be able to proper release bolster that meets the clients’ needs. Another part of the release is the capacity to work with different interdisciplines. The progress from institutional to network care may introduce progressively complex patients that before, and in this way nurture must have the option to utilize different wellsprings of information. This was apparent in home consideration nursing. A large number of the assets in Campbell River can be used while setting up a customer for release. Frequently nurture go about as a medium between doctors, physiotherapists, social specialists and dieticians while giving consideration to customers. Working with different orders permits medical attendants to comprehend potential issues and foresee difficulties preceding release. The capacity to foresee a client’s needs is significant to their consideration gotten in network. Without the sufficient exchange a large number of the administrations that a customer could profit by would not be accessible. It is dependent upon medical caretakers to work with the customer to comprehend what is remarkable in their reality, and if conceivable adjust administrations that can help with thinking about the customer. In understanding what is significant a medical caretaker ought to examine a portion of the accompanying: (this isn't a comprehensive rundown yet rather only a review) The genuine network: Where is their locale found, and what are the physical limits (What are the sanitation/water issues?, Is there access to medicinal services administrations/911? What are the wellbeing dangers?) The Environment: What are the most widely recognized or potential sicknesses after release? Are there concerns with respect to customer vaccination or appropriate access to sustenance? Is there an accessible travel framework? Social System: Are there assets accessible for the customer to address social issues? Customer: what qualities does the customer have? What qualities do I as a medical caretaker releasing the customer see? One of the tremendous advantages the greater part of if not the entirety of the administrations I visited, is visit the customer in their home. The majority of the customers, outside of home consideration nursing constrained the customer to come into the clinic or division. This frequently represented an issue for customers as they couldn't make the excursion because of the disease, or had no real way to make the outing. In the event that a portion of these administrations could give home visits this would diminish the weight to the patients, yet may expand costs on a previously worried framework. One component that would profit is training. The job of deterrent medicinal services is as I would see it is critical to continue our social insurance framework. In the event that we could illuminate to forestall even a solitary customer from building up an ailment, for example, diabetes, that would set aside the framework cash. The shocking the truth is that attempting to give subjective d etails where the people who figure out where the subsidizing will go, regularly need to see observational quantitative information. Avoidance is hard to appear on a diagram or pie outline. In this network experience I have discovered a couple of holes in administration even between regions. For instance the quality and precision in stroke observing between Campbell River and Comox valley. Another feature is the authority that medical caretakers experience among doctors and expert. For instance the medical attendants at the dialysis center can call doctors and help settle on choices and work with the doctor/master in Victoria, while the pros at Nanaimo are not keen on working with the medical attendants and hold command over the parts of care bringing about less medical caretaker self-governance. The greatest hole in care comes straightforwardly from the wellbeing authority. So as to make subjective information, the wellbeing authority had appointed a point framework for directing consideration. One point compares to 15 minutes. The point framework is utilized as a cost measure for staffing. The difficult lies in evaluating what number of focuses does a customer need on the off chance that they are multi suggestive. The appraisal frequently requires some serious energy and along these lines puts an extraordinary strain on medical caretakers to give important, remarkable and appropriate consideration while attempting to remain inside their assigned point framework. To address these issues in Campbell River and Comox, there is conversation on what hindrances are hindering Comox Valley from overseeing extra tests for stroke patients. The obstructions could then be tended to and a potential arrangement found. On the issue of fluctuating doctor legislative issues, I don't know how to handle this issue other than address the worries to the leading body of guidelines (CRNBC to decide whether there is any plan of action or maybe the medical caretakers association for extra direction or understanding). On the subject of overseeing nursing hours utilizing a point framework there should be mercy in cases that don't fit the point framework. A few patients are perplexing and in this way may require extra time or assets. Dismissing the requirements may bring about backslide and having the customer be reintroduced into the framework which at last acquires extra expenses and is counterproductive. Another point I found while at the Comox Valley Nursing Center, was the hole in correspondence among customers and the projects and administrations they were relegated to. Frequently underestimated customers (individuals who had to live in the city because of wellbeing or other social determinants) were hard to contact. These customers missed numerous arrangements, even with authorities out of the blue, and since they frequently didn't have a telephone, and couldn't be reached. This left the medical attendant in a troublesome circumstance of upholding for the customer when a pro needed to drop the customer for not appearing at arrangements. To cure this issue maybe extra correspondence and instruction for the customer or utilization of the telephone while at the nursing place may lighten the present situation. At last one of the most significant learning parts was for enslavement at the Comox Valley Nursing Center. A medical attendant had expressed this mantra â€Å"Addiction is an approach to escape the genuine issue, find and treat the issue , you will treat the addiction†.

6 Types of Hallucinogens and How They Work

6 Types of Hallucinogens and How They Work More in Addiction Drug Use Hallucinogens Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Hallucinogens are a class of drugs that cause profound distortions in a persons perceptions of reality, otherwise known as hallucinations. While under the influence of hallucinogens, users might see images, hear sounds or feel sensations that seem to be real but arent. Almost all hallucinogens contain nitrogen and are classified as alkaloids. Many hallucinogens have chemical structures similar to those of natural neurotransmitters (acetylcholine-, serotonin-, or catecholamine-like). The most commonly abused hallucinogens are: LSDMescalinePsilocybinPCPDMTAyahuasca Hallucinogens can be man-made, or they can come from plants or mushrooms or extracts from plants and mushrooms. Generally, they are divided into two types: classic hallucinogens (LSD) or dissociative drugs (PCP). Either type of hallucinogen can cause users to have rapid, intense emotional swings. Common Hallucinogens Some of the more common hallucinogens include:?? LSD D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a manmade chemical made from ergot, a fungus that grows on certain grains. It is probably the most powerful hallucinogen available, producing hallucinations, changes in the way reality is perceived, and altered moods. It comes as a white powder or clear liquid and has no color or smell. It can come in capsules, but most often comes on small squares of blotter paper or gelatin that users place on the tongue or swallow to take a trip. Mescaline A natural substance found as the main ingredient in the peyote cactus. The top of the spineless peyote cactus plants has disc-shaped buttons that contain mescaline. The buttons are dried out and then either chewed or soaked in liquid to produce an intoxicating drink. Mescaline can also be made through chemical synthesis. Psilocybin A natural substance that is found in hallucinogenic mushrooms that contain psilocybin and psilocin. In large enough doses, psilocybin can produce effects very similar to the powerful hallucinogen LSD. Shrooms as they are sometimes called can be used either fresh or dried. They are normally eaten, mixed with food, or brewed like tea for drinking. PCP PCP is a dangerous manmade substance that was originally developed as an anesthetic but was discontinued for human use in 1965 due to side-effects. It is now an illegal street drug sold as a white powder or in liquid form. It can be snorted, injected, smoked, or swallowed. It produces hallucinations and out-of-body sensations. Usage, especially in large doses, can be life-threatening and lead to serious mental health problems. DMT Dimethyltryptamine, also known as Dimitri, is a natural chemical found in some Amazonian plant species, but it can also be chemically synthesized. It usually comes as a white, crystalline powder that is vaporized or smoked in a pipe or bong. Ayahuasca Sometimes called hoasca, aya, and yage, ayahuasca is brewed from plants containing DMT along with an Amazonian vine that prevents the normal breakdown of DMT in the digestive system. It is usually consumed like tea. How Hallucinogens Work Scientists are not sure exactly how hallucinogens and dissociative drugs produce their effects on the user.  However, classic hallucinogens are thought to affect neural circuits in the brain involving the neurotransmitter serotonin, and dissociative drugs cause their effects by primarily disrupting the actions of the brains glutamate system. The regions of the brain that are affected by hallucinogens control mood, sensory perception, sleep, hunger, body temperature, sexual behavior, and muscle control, the NIDA says.??

Los Diez Tipos de Empresas en Estados Unidos

Essay on A Liberal Arts versus Vocational Education

A Liberal Arts versus Vocational Education In his book Black Leadership, Marable describes what we will refer to as the Tuskegee phenomenon, in which he asserts Booker T. Washington’s favoring of just this type of â€Å"quick fix† vocational education to be erroneous. Over the next few pages, I will examine Marable’s arguments and I will attempt to extend their application into society as we know it today. Marable describes the Tuskegee approach to black development as political â€Å"racial accommodation.† He details a vocational education completely devoid of encouraging critical thinking. He writes, â€Å"†¦it (Tuskegee) took the social and cultural transformation of the black Southern labor force to be a major responsibility of black†¦show more content†¦Now I will examine certain parallels between the vocational training of the Tuskegee Institute of Washington’s day as described by Marable and compare them with a vocational education available today in what I call â€Å"the Heald Phenomenon.† The first parallel we will examine can be found on TV. Television is bombarded with commercials advertising schools offering vocational training. The overwhelming majority of these commercials feature non-white actors and so it becomes fairly apparent that the advertisers’ target demographic is non-whites. A visit to a local Heald campus confirms this inference - The majority of the students who attend these vocational schools are disproportionately non-whites. To what do we owe this paradigm? It cannot be the racialism of a hundred years ago to whom we owe this segregation. Could it be a voluntary separation of whites from non-whites? Hopefully it’s not that either. Today’s segregation no longer exists in Jim Crow laws and lynchings – they exist in marketing techniques, gerrymandering, and disenfranchisement. As I looked around the Heald classroom I noticed that the students were dressed so professionally. All male students were dressed in shirts and ties. All female students were dressed in office attire. It turns out this is the school’s policy. Students must dress in professional attire in order for them to become accustomed to proper dress in the business world. This seems eerily reminiscent of Marable’sShow MoreRelatedA Liberal Education Matters By Michael S. Roth1067 Words   |  5 PagesA Liberal Education Matters Liberal education- its relevancy and practicality- is a relevant topic; it is especially relevant in a day and age where college is not a leisure but a necessity. 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Case and Study Nternational Integrated Reporting Framework

Questions: (a) Your text discusses the International Integrated Reporting Framework. (b) According to Gleeson-White (2014, p.216), When I first considered the six capitals model, it seemed to offer a way to argue for the value of employees (or the other living capitals) and against their dismissal in times of economic downturn, because they comprised essential company value, a human capital stock. But the more I questioned the advocates of integrated reporting [emphasis added] about the benefits it offered the capitals other than financial capital, the more it appeared that financial capital remained the ultimate concern of this integrated way of thinking. Early examples such as Coca-Cola Hellenic's integrated report, with its dismissal of 1356 people in favour of cost reduction, suggests that for the moment integrated reporting does not change the rule of financial capital over the other capitals. 1. Evaluate the integrated reports produced by two Australian companies and two other companies of your choice. 2. In your view, does Integrated Reporting provide assurance to all stakeholders in terms of an organisations strategies, governance, performance and prospects according to the IR framework? Answers: Introduction Integrated Reporting (IR), is a method of communicating to different stakeholders and the common public in general about the value creation of the company over time and it reflects the governance, strategy, prospects and the performance of the company over a period of time. IR is an important medium by which the company is able to represent the relevant information of the company and at the same time the different financial information to the company. It reflects the value creation of the company over a period. In the given essay, the integrated reports of the different company are presented and analyzed whether they truly reflects the true meaning of the integrated reporting. The IR of four companies are analyzed, and two companies are taken from the Australia and other two are non-Australian companies that have operations in this country. Discussion On analysis of the New Zealand and Australian Bank (NAB), it was found that the company is working on the area of cutting off the emissions of the carbon through its various activities and has certifications regarding the climate change actions. They assure the stakeholders, the related parties concerned about their activities of theirs, and they are working on the different activities to meet the climate change challenges. The IR of the company presents the quantum of the reduction made by the company regarding the cutting of the green house gases and the increase in the efficiency of the resources (Hughen et al., 2014). On analysis of the Integrated Reporting, it can be concluded that this company has a long-term vision and they are not restricted only to the short-term views or the profitability of the concern. At the same time, this company spends a lot of their resources as well as time in making the sustainability concerns. They spare a thought on the ecological benefits of the company and try to implement the same in the activities of the company. Although, they are involved in the financial services sectors they are actively involved in the different ecological benefits and concerns. The Reporting provides a snapshot of the different governance policies, strategies and the policies of the company, but it does not provides deep clarity about the prospects of the company regarding the IR. Some more insights should have been given in the IR, to provide clarity about the prospects of the company (Garca-Snchez et al., 2013). The second company whose IR was analyzed was of Pilot Energy Limited. It is a well renowned company in the energy division and this company is based in Australia. They have undertaken IIRC Pilot Program for looking into the matters of the integrated reporting and the sustainability. The company throughout the world in which they have operations applies the business framework that this company undertakes (James, 2013). The communication policies of this company are very clear and they target recognizing the value that is provided through clear communications. On the other hand, this company has separate divisions for different divisions, namely the corporate governance, communication policy, disclosure policy and many other such disclosures policies. They contribute equally to the development of the local communities along with the ethical contribution to the society in general. The recycling of the materials are done by this company so that there is minimum bad impact of the company on the environment (Flower 2015). All the factors contribute to the effective management of the company and at the same time the shareholders have proper information regarding the same. Market disclosure policies are made in a manner in such a way that timely information are available to the concerned stakeholders and they are passed on the appropriate channels. There are different others policies of the company and they highlights the strategies and planning of the company. This company has a reporting, which focuses more on the actions of the company rathe r than the views of the concern. Different disclosure policies are made in the reporting, which helps the reader in getting an idea of the strategies and the governance of the company. On the other hand, the prospects and the performance of the company is difficult to decipher out of the given reporting and the reporting is not does not have complete information regarding all the functioning of the company. Few of the acts have clarity, while most of them do not have a proper outlining, which makes the IR tad confusing. Next company whose Integrated Reporting was analyzed is Price Waterhouse Coopers. This company is a renowned company the field of consulting and ii belongs to the Big four accounting firms of the world. The IR data provided by this company suggests that there is a scorecard, which measures the sustainability of the company and the different commitments of the company that they are entitled to receive. This company has different parameters to measure the activities of the company and they have to oblige to the set benchmark and act accordingly. They set the platform of measuring their performances in many parameters (www.pwc.com., 2016). On further investigation of the reporting of the company, it can be seen that supply chain, environment sustainability, quality of the content and the ethical matters surrounding the performance of the company is viewed here. Carbon emissions, involvement of the community, diversity in the workplaces and other matters are involved in the reporting of the company. There is clarity in the overall presentation of the reports and the most important part of the report is the setting of the benchmarks in which the performance of the company is measured. The performance of the company will be guided by the vision, goals and the strategies of the concerns (Eccles Krzus, 2014). From the report, it is difficult to make out the performances of the company but it is understood that their actions will be guided by the goals and strategies that they have. It will not be very much difficult for the users of this report to make out useful information and use them as per their needs. The last company that is analyzed is KPMG. This company is another leading consulting firm and comes under the big four consulting firms of the world. This company operates globally and has a huge client base across the world. There are different committees active in this company and different issues relating to the company are discussed in those committees. The review of the committee is an important factor in determining the different criteria of the company (www.kpmg.com. 2016). There is a strong measurement tool for assessing the risk as well as the quality issues of the company and this helps the company to review their actions and make changes accordingly. The IR of this company will help in determining the different strategies, policies, actions and the performances of the company, thus assuring the stakeholders in the performance of the company (Churet Eccles, 2014). Moreover, this company has a strong brand positioning in market, thus making the performance of the company even more credible to the different stakeholders. Overall, the reporting of the company is satisfactory and information that is even more relevant are reflected through the reporting. Reflection of the Integrated Reporting Integrated Reporting framework provides guidelines to the companies as to what the companies must disclose in the reporting standards to meet the regulatory requirements and at the same time, make aware of the different activities of the companies to the stakeholders as well as to the regulatory bodies. After analysis of the different IR of the companies and the framework, it is clear that this reporting gives an idea to the public about the activities, strategies and the vision of the company. On the other hand, it is difficult for the users to decipher the prospects of the company. It is possible for the users to make out the strategies, visions, governance and the performance of the company. On the other hand, the prospects of the company are not always reflected from the IR reporting of the companies. The prospects of the company cannot be determined simply by looking at the IR standards of the company. Different other things needs to be analyzed by the users, like the competition in the markets, sectors in which the company is operating and different other parameters. Only the prospects of the company cannot be determined by the IR disclosures of the company, and the rest portions can be determined by the disclosures of the company. Conclusion The integrated reports of four companies are analyzed and the four companies included PwC, KPMG, NAB and Pilot Energy Limited. Pilot Energy and NAB are from Australia and rest of the companies is from outside Australia. The reporting are analyzed and they are rated on the basis of few of the parameters like the assurance to shareholders, the strategies of the company, corporate governance and the prospects of the company regarding the IR framework. NAB, PwC and KPMG have a strong reporting of the IR, and they present a wholesome view of all the parameters. Pilot Energy Limited does not have a strong IR disclosures and the going through the IR reporting cannot do the performance analysis. Few of the factors are satisfied in the case of Pilot Energy and they need to do a lot of work in improving the IR reporting of the company. Reference Churet, C., Eccles, R. G. (2014). Integrated reporting, quality of management, and financial performance.Journal of Applied Corporate Finance,26(1), 56-64. de Villiers, C., Rinaldi, L., Unerman, J. (2014). Integrated Reporting: Insights, gaps and an agenda for future research.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,27(7), 1042-1067. Eccles, R. G., Krzus, M. P. (2014).The integrated reporting movement: Meaning, momentum, motives, and materiality. John Wiley Sons. Flower, J. (2015). The international integrated reporting council: a story of failure.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,27, 1-17. Fras-Aceituno, J. V., Rodrguez-Ariza, L., Garca-Snchez, I. M. (2013). Is integrated reporting determined by a country's legal system? An exploratory study.Journal of cleaner production,44, 45-55. Garca-Snchez, I. M., Rodrguez-Ariza, L., Fras-Aceituno, J. V. (2013). The cultural system and integrated reporting.International Business Review,22(5), 828-838. Hughen, L., Lulseged, A., Upton, D. R. (2014). Improving stakeholder value through sustainability and integrated reporting.The CPA Journal,84(3), 57. James, M. L. (2013). Sustainability and integrated reporting: Opportunities and strategies for small and midsize companies.The Entrepreneurial Executive,18, 17.

International Economic Conditions in Ukraine

Introduction Ukraine is the largest country in Europe in terms of land mass. The country borders Belarus on the northwestern side, Russia from its eastern and northeastern side, and Black Sea from its southwestern side. Ukraine also borders Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia. It continues to enjoy the second largest military body among all European nations.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on International Economic Conditions in Ukraine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The country has a population of about 45.4 million people. Most of the Ukrainian Christians are members of the Eastern Orthodoxy. Ukraine has a market economy that formed immediately after the planned economy of the former Soviet Union. However, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the economy of Ukraine began experiencing a major slump. Ukraine’s population also gradually became poor. In the efforts to curb this situation, the government suc cessfully liberalized trade in 1991. The government also subsidized most of the public industries and the agricultural sector in the country. However, high rates of inflation grew speedily in 1990s to a hyperinflation. For example, Ukraine had the highest rate of inflation in the world within a period of one year. In 2008, the economy suffered the great economic crisis effects. As the paper reveals, the country is currently facing various international economic conditions. Ukraine and the International Trade Many countries have expanded their businesses to the global levels as a way of boosting their productivity. Ukraine is not an exception. As Dabrowski and Taran confirm, the country has been a major player, especially in the European Union (2). The major international trade partner to Ukraine is Russia. Other trade partners include Turkey, Italy, Germany, China, Poland, USA, France, and Turkmenistan among others. Ukraine is both an exporter and an importer of various goods to and from other countries.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The major exports from Ukraine include iron and steel, mineral fuels, oil, gasoline, nuclear reactors, machinery, cereals, tools, and base metals. Ukraine also imports goods from various nations in the world. Such commodities include mineral fuels and crude petroleum, nuclear reactors, vehicles, electronics, paper and paperboard, and articles of pulp (Hoekman, Jensen, and Tarr 796). For several years before the onset of economic and political crisis, the economy of Ukraine was rated one of the best in Europe. The country has relied on imports to sustain its economy. Several factors come into play to necessitate the country’s imports. To begin with, Ukraine’s internal energy sources can only cater for 15% of its yearly energy needs (Dabrowski and Taran 6). This finding implies that Ukraine has to import energy sources, including oil, nuclear reactors, and electricity. Secondly, the forest cover in Ukraine is small and inadequate for its timber and wood product needs. Hence, for it to sustain its pulp, timber, and paper-dependent industries, it has to import wood products. Thirdly, Ukraine does not have the absolute advantage of manufacturing cars as the situation is witnessed in Germany and Japan. Therefore, it is economical for it to import cars from various nations of the world. Deploying the Heckscher-Ohlin model, a nation that is abundant in the production of a particular factor has the advantage of exporting the item it produces extensively. The model also affirms that a country will export goods that it produces intensively through resources that it is endowed with. This theory explains the iron, steel, grains, and grain products that Ukraine exports. Hoekman, Jensen, and Tarr assert that Ukraine has abundant fertile farmland that it uses for the production of grains for loc al markets and export (796). On the other hand, the demand for energy and energy products outdo the country’s local production.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on International Economic Conditions in Ukraine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bilateral trade between Ukraine and Russia can be seen from the specific factor model. Although, Russia has played a major role in positioning and projecting the economy of Ukraine, Russia’s gains are incomparable to the losses that Ukraine encounters (Dabrowski and Taran 4). According to the specific factor model, the international trade has the ability to change income distribution in countries. The result is the witnessed unleveled gains and losses by some people. For instance, the Russian economy is currently slumping due to the political crisis and demonstrations in Ukraine concerning Russian annexation of the Ukrainian land. Trade agreements that were si gned by the two countries in the view of streamlining the economy of Ukraine have not taken off. Ukraine import cars and electronics from Russia since it has an absolute advantage over such products (Hoekman, Jensen, and Tarr 796). Export of grains, iron, and steel to Russia does not compensate the gap. In fact, the population of Ukraine demonstrates regularly to press the government to cut its ties with Russia over the annexed land and political interference. Economic Conditions that affect Ukrainian International Trade Government Policies on International Trade The Ukrainian government has enacted protectionist policies to gain its international trade. For instance, the Ukrainian government has put tariffs on automobile imports (Hoekman, Jensen, and Tarr 798). Although this move vehemently affects international trade with various countries such as Germany, Japan, and Russia, Ukraine has gained some milestones from it with reference to the Heckscher-Ohlin Model. For instance, these laws have benefitted the local business, but not the international business.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Automobile tariffs make it prohibitive for Ukrainian importers and exporters to bring automobiles for sale. Such countries may opt to export their automobiles to other parts of the world consistent with the specific factor model of international trade where trade between one nation and the other may affect the partners in a way that one partner gains while the other loses. In this case, Ukraine has gained by imposing high trade tariffs on automobile imports. As a result, its automobile manufacturing industry has grown to the extent that the country can now export its household automobiles. In addition, owners and employees of Ukrainian automobile industries have benefitted from the protection policies that the government has imposed on automobile imports (Hoekman, Jensen, and Tarr 798). The growth of the automobile industry implies more employment opportunities and technological advancement in the country. Moreover, the other consequence of automobile import tariff is that prices of Ukrainian automobiles such as cars have gone up very much. Cars are very expensive in Ukraine. Competition for car manufacturing is just within where few international motor dealers can penetrate the automobile markets in Ukraine. Therefore, exporting automobiles such as cars, airplanes, motorbikes, and other vehicles to Ukraine is a venture that the country’s international trade partners reject. With the imposition of steel tariffs by the World Trade Organization (WTO), prices went up for steel and steel products in the US where Ukraine imports its items. Since steel is used in the manufacturing industry, its rise in price is likely to affect exports from the manufacturing industry (Kostenko 56). Therefore, international trade policies are likely to affect the global business relationship between Ukraine and its partners. The implication is that the protectionist policies benefit the country that imposes them, as opposed to the situation with the specific model theory. Non- membership of Ukraine in the World Trade Organization According to Kyzym et al., although there has been an outcry in Ukraine for the country to join the WTO, it has not yet become a member (7). Lack of membership to the WTO makes the trade relationship between them strained. Ukraine is likely to face limitations when trading with the WTO members. Most of the trading partners of Ukraine are members of WTO, apart from Russia. However, its major trade partner (Russia) is on the verge of registering its membership in WTO (Kostenko 54). Therefore, Ukraine is likely to face protectionist rules in its trade with members of the WTO as a nonmember. Ukraine is not protected from the abuse of patent or trade disputes in the international markets. Therefore, whenever there is a trade dispute concerning quotas, protectionism, and duties between Ukraine and its partners, the situation remains at the partners’ mercies. Most of the trading partners such as China are also cautious of lack of surety that Ukraine puts on the table in trade relations. Membership in the WTO provides some confidence to traders in the international market (Kyzym et al. 8). The WTO rules bind all members. Hence, as a non-member, Ukraine cannot be bound by the rules and regulations of WTO whenever it contravenes them. Lack of membership to the WTO has negatively affected Ukraine’s imports and export processes. For example, there were embargoes on Ukraine grains in 2006 and 2007. This case contradicted the WTO regulations on exports. However, since Ukraine was a non-member, nothing could have been done. Trade Embargoes The impact of the 2006-2007 trade embargoes on Ukraine grains still affects its international trade (Kyzym et al. 22). According to the WTO, trade embargoes can only be applied when an exporter is suffering from a serious shortage of the commodity. However, no serious shortage of grains was witnessed in Ukraine during the period when it embargoed its grains. As a result, m ost of the exporters of grains from Ukraine suffered great losses and cancelation of international contracts. In addition, a general imbalance of grain products was witnessed in the international market. Traders also suffered losses from the depreciation of grain prices locally. Moreover, the country’s farmers also suffered a lack of the market share since it was oversupplied to the tune of $200million (Dabrowski and Taran 3). Today, grain exporters fear buying grains for exports from Ukraine, unless the prices are discounted to cater for the appreciation in the international market. The government must also provide a room for the high risk that grain traders pose to Ukraine. Export Taxes and Prohibitive Energy Cost Export taxes on some commodities such as scrap metal, skins, sheep and goats, and sunflower in Ukraine are prohibitive (Kyzym et al. 8). These taxes negatively affect Ukraine’s poor citizens who rear sheep and goats, grow sunflower, and/or buy scrap metals. On the other hand, rich citizens who are involved in this trade gain highly. This observation reflects the specific factor theory where the international trade affects the participants differently. Hence, the affluent class grows wealthier while the underprivileged one continues to be deprived while still trading. For instance, sunflower farmers in Ukraine are forced to pay a 16% tax on their sunflower overseas sales as export tax (Kyzym et al. 23). As an implication, the farmers opt to smuggle their sunflower to other parts of the world, thus resulting in uncontrolled domestic prices. In line with Heckscher-Ohlin model, export taxes benefit the rich people and not the poor ones. They also prohibit the commitment of the international investors. The energy sector in Ukraine is prohibitive for foreign investors (Dabrowski and Taran p.3). Laws and policies on energy in Ukraine are also limiting for foreigners to operate. For instance, foreign companies that are interested in oil explo ration in Ukraine are required to bid and complete their tasks within a period of not more than five years. Such policies prohibit the entry of international explorers of the Ukraine market. Another crippling factor in the energy sector is that the government does not offer any information concerning energy resources (Hoekman, Jensen, and Tarr 812). The contract winner is supposed to collect data and explore the resource within the limited period. This situation has affected the gas industry. Hence, Ukraine continues to import gas. Energy regulations in Ukraine also make it difficult for foreign investors to run their industries. Prohibitive Laws and Regulations on Investment Laws that guide the business environment in Ukraine make it difficult for foreign direct investment to succeed. Foreign investors face difficult processes in terms of registering businesses and running them in Ukraine (Kyzym et al. 7). For instance, the law requires businesses that are owned by foreigners to be regularly inspected and satisfied for health and human resource safety. This rule has become an avenue for corruption through bribery where investors bribe government inspectors to avoid prosecution and withdrawal of permits. Laws on business regulations in Ukraine do not come from a specific arm of the government (Kostenko 54). For example, the president, ministers, and individuals who are in charge of the department can enact them. This flexibility makes it difficult for foreign investors to carry out their business operations smoothly. Dabrowski and Taran say that obtaining the right of ownership in joint companies is difficult in Ukraine (4). A deficiency in laws that regulate shareholding in joint stock companies opens up the economic environment to corruption. This gap has negatively affected the stock markets in Ukraine. As a result, major firms in Ukraine have turned into investing in foreign markets, for instance, in the United Kingdom and China. Foreign and international companies avoid investing in Ukraine since no clear laws on joint stock companies have been established (Dabrowski and Taran 4). This situation contradicts the specific model theory since both the national economy and the international investors do not benefit from poor joint stock laws in Ukraine. Conclusion Ukraine is one of the major economic hubs in Europe. Since its independence in 1991, the country has experienced both vicissitudes in its international economic endeavors. As discussed above, various conditions influence Ukraine’s international economic environment. Such conditions include government policies on international trade, protectionist policies, non-membership of Ukraine in the World Trade Organization, and trade embargoes. Besides, export taxes, prohibitive energy cost, prohibitive laws and regulations on investment, laws on business environment, inconsistency in commercial laws, and deficient laws on joint stock companies are part of the conditions that infl uence Ukraine’s global business operations. Works Cited Dabrowski, Marek, and Svitlana Taran. â€Å"Is Free Trade with the EU Good for Ukraine?† CASE Network E-briefs 1.6(2012): 1-4. Print. Hoekman, Bernard, Jesper Jensen, and David Tarr. â€Å"A Vision for Ukraine in the World Economy.† Journal of World Trade 48.4(2014): 795-814. Print. Kostenko, Nataliya. â€Å"Geo-Economic Strategy of the European Union: Experience for Ukraine.† Economics Business 25.1(2014): 54-60. Print. Kyzym, Onesmus, Vera Yaroshenko, Yasmin Matyushenko, Bahma Semyhulina, and Malik Makhansova. â€Å"Opportunities and Threats of Ukraine WTO Membership to the Production and Foreign Trade of Grain Crops with the EU and Customs Union and EurAsEC.† Problems of Economy 1.2(2014), 7-24. Print. This term paper on International Economic Conditions in Ukraine was written and submitted by user The Watchers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.